股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复手部软组织缺损临床效果观察

目的 探讨股前外侧穿支皮瓣(amterolateral thigh perforating flag,ALTPF)移植修复手部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 选取大峰医院手足外科84例手部软组织缺损患者分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复,对照组给予腹部带蒂皮瓣修复,比较两组手部皮瓣晚期效果评价、感觉功能恢复情况、运动功能分级等。结果 术后随访1年,观察组皮瓣评价、患肢感觉功能恢复、运动功能恢复优良率分别为95.24%、90.48%、88.10%,较对照组的78.57%、73.81%、69.05%显著提高,术后受区并发症发生率为9.52%,较对照组的16.19%显著降低(P＜0.05)。结论 骨前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复治疗手部软组织缺损可显著提高临床疗效,促进感觉和运动功能恢复,降低术后受区并发症,值得推广。     

食管黏膜延长预防食管吻合口瘘的临床研究

目的 研究食管黏膜延长能否预防食管吻合口瘘。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月在本院胸外科接受手术治疗的205例食管癌患者的临床资料。其中接受食管黏膜延长手术的食管癌患者65例为观察组,接受常规手术的140例为对照组。比较两组患者的基本临床资料、手术时间、术中出血量及术后食管吻合口瘘发生率。结果 两组患者的基本临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者术后吻合口瘘的发生率为3.08%,明显低于对照组的12.86%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 食管黏膜延长可以有效预防食管癌术后吻合口瘘的发生,不失为一种食管胃吻合的新方法。     

广西2010—2018年手足口病流行病学及病原学特征分析

目的 分析广西2010—2018年手足口病流行特征和病原学监测结果,为广西制定手足口病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法,对来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统2010—2018年广西报告的手足口病例信息进行统计分析;用实时荧光聚合酶链反应方法对肠道病毒进行血清分型。结果 广西2010—2018年共报告手足口病例2 007 297例,年报告发病率范围为308.43/10万~709.87/10 万;发病存在春夏季和秋季流行高峰,报告的重症、死亡病例主要出现在初夏流行季节。2010—2018年共对76 882份标本开展RT-PCR血清分型,肠道病毒阳性 57 098份,阳性检出率为74.27%,其中EV-A71型17 066份（29.89%）,CV-A16型13 673份（23.95%）,非EV-A71/CV-A16其他肠道病毒26 359份（46.16%）。EV-A71是2010、2012、2014年的优势流行株,非EV-A71/CV-A16其他肠道病毒是2013、2015、2017年的主要流行血清型,CV-A16是2011、2018年流行优势血清型,2016年EV-A71、CV-A16与非EV-A71/CV-A16其他肠道病毒在报告患者中所占比例相近。EV-A71在重症、死亡的实验室确诊病例中构成比分别为56.37%、92.93%,但其构成比出现下降趋势;而非EV-A71/CV-A16其他肠道病毒构成比呈上升态势。 结论 广西手足口病流行有明显季节性。流行模式、病原谱正在发生改变,EV-A71流行强度下降,但仍是导致病例死亡的优势病原体;非EV-A71/CV-A16其他肠道病毒流行强度增加,是近年重症病例的主要血清型;要关注、加强对非EV-A71/CV-A16其他肠道的检测和分型。持续的病原学监测有助于掌握手足口病主要病原谱演化规律, 是手足口病精准防控政策制定和相关疫苗研发应用的关键。     

Resección anterior ultrabaja con anastomosis mecánica en el tratamiento del cáncer de recto del tercio inferior

Tumors of the lower third of the rectum are a challenge for the surgeon. Among the various techniques of surgical treatment of these lesions, radical surgery and ultra low anterior anastomosis is one of the therapeutic options. This technique is a defy both in the evaluation of the potential patient as in the surgical technique. Such evaluation and treatment processes must be audited in order to keep proper quality indices both in the oncological as in their functional results. This is only possible when both the multidisciplinary and surgical teams have an adequate and ongoing specialized training and a satisfactory volume of patients treated. Details of this technique, its indications and results are reported in this paper.     

Combined index finger pollicization with an anterolateral thigh flap for thumb reconstruction

A severe crush injury to the hand is devastating to patients. Under conditions in which the crush force is too great, the digits are not viable candidates for replantation. We present two cases in which the patients suffered from loss of the thumb ray at the first carpometacarpal joint and skin defect at the radial side. The tendons, radial nerve and metacarpal bone of the index finger were injured, and the second metacarpal head was retained. There was a comminuted fracture of the trapezium in both patients. The treatment protocols consisted of the index finger pollicization and the free anterolateral thigh flap transfer. The procedure was performed in a single operation. The new thumb is able to provide a stable post for pinch and grip after six months follow-up. Both patients were satisfied with the function and appearance of the reconstructed thumb.     

全腹腔镜及腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌毕Ⅰ式胃肠道重建的对比研究

目的:探讨全腹腔镜毕Ⅰ式胃肠道重建(三角吻合)的可行性、安全性及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2013年6月至2014年1月施行的41例腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术的临床资料,其中23例行全腹腔镜毕Ⅰ式胃肠道重建术(三角吻合,A组),18例行腹腔镜辅助毕Ⅰ式胃肠道重建术(B组),对比分析两组患者的手术疗效。结果:两组患者胃肠道重建时间[(24±12)min vs.(26±15)min]、术后首次进流食时间[(3.7±1.8)d vs.(3.9±2.1)d]、术后住院时间[(8.5±2.7)d vs.(8.7±2.9)d]差异无统计学意义。A组止痛药使用次数明显少于B组[(1.7±1.5)vs.(3.5±1.9),P<0.05]。术后随访3~10个月,均未发生吻合口狭窄、吻合口漏、吻合口出血等手术并发症。结论:全腹腔镜毕Ⅰ式胃肠道重建(三角吻合)是安全、可行的,近期疗效满意,远期疗效尚需进一步观察研究。     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中膀胱尿道吻合技术

前列腺癌根治术是治疗早期局限型前列腺癌的首选方法。随着腔镜器械的不断发展及手术技术的持续改进,腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术已成为治疗局限型前列腺癌的标准术式,它除了具有与开放手术一样的治疗效果外,还具有创伤小、恢复快的微创优势,迅速在国内大中型医院广泛开展。膀胱尿道吻合是腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中最关键的步骤之一,如何减少膀胱尿道吻合的难度,提高手术效率并保证吻合的质量,是国内外泌尿外科专家所一直关注并期待解决的课题。本文总结了近几年国内外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中膀胱尿道吻合的技术改进和我们自身手术经验,与广大泌尿外科同行共飨。     

The evaluation of some nutritional indexes in nutritional status of patients with maintenance hemodialysis

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), body mass index (BMI), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and hand strength in the nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 126 MHD patients were included in this study who had been on MHD for at least 3 months. Depending on the levels of Alb, patients were divided into two groups：normal nutrition group (group A) and malnutrition group (group B). TP, BMI, MNA and hand strength were also detected at the same time. Independent samples t test, Spearman correlation analysis, ROC curve were used to analyze their difference between the two groups and evaluate their diagnostic value in nutritional status in MHD patients. Results Age, sex, height, weight and dialysis ages had no statistical significant difference (P＞0.05) between group A and group B, whileAlb, TP, BMI, MNA and hand strength had statistical significant difference (P＜0.05) between two groups. After adjusting for age, sex and hemodialysis age, Alb, TP, BMI, MNA and hand strength were positively correlated with each other (P＜0.05).Since the area under the ROC curve of BMI was the smallest, BMI had the lowest diagnostic value in evaluation of the nutritional status in those patients. Conclusions Alb, TP, MNA and hand strength are good indexes in evaluation of the nutritional status in MHD patients but BMI is not.     

胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗颈段食管癌

目的探讨胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗颈段食管的可行性和疗效。方法2009年1月一2014年7月胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗33例颈段食管癌。胸腔镜下分离食管、腹腔镜下管胃成形、全喉切除、气管永久造口、胃咽吻合术。结果胸部手术时间40～66min,平均53min;腹部手术时间35～51min,平均44rain;颈部手术时间128～150min,平均139min。术中出血量130～270ml,平均150ml。术后住院时间8～14d,平均12d。病理均为鳞状细胞癌,其中高分化2例,中分化19例,中一低分化7例,低分化5例。切缘病理学检查无癌组织残留。31例淋巴结转移。并发症：吻合口漏2例,喉返神经损伤3例,肺部感染6例,胃排空障碍2例,吻合口狭窄1例,无死亡病例。33例随访1个月～5年,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为87．9％、54．5％、45．5％。结论颈段食管癌应采取积极的手术治疗,胃咽吻合术是颈段食管癌切除后较为理想的修复手段。